塔罗牌历史,塔罗牌历史起源与发展

1、塔罗牌历史

塔罗牌的历史起源

塔罗牌的起源一直备受争议，但有几个普遍接受的理论：

埃及理论：一些学者认为塔罗牌起源于古埃及的纸莎草纸游戏“Senet”。Senet 中的 78 张牌与塔罗牌的主要和次要奥秘的数字和象形图相对应。

印度理论：其他人认为塔罗牌来自印度的“卡塔帕亚”。卡塔帕亚是一种占卜游戏，使用 78 张画有神灵和符号的牌。

吉普赛理论：传说塔罗牌是由吉普赛人从印度带到欧洲。吉普赛人以其占卜能力而闻名，他们相信塔罗牌可以提供洞察力。

早期的证据

最早的已知塔罗牌出现在 14 世纪中叶的意大利。

这些早期的牌组包含 78 张牌，分为 22 张主要奥秘和 56 张次要奥秘。

塔罗牌最初被用作扑克牌游戏，但很快就被采用用于占卜和灵性目的。

中世纪的用途

在中世纪，塔罗牌被广泛用于占卜和巫术。

它们被用作预测未来、提供建议和揭示隐藏秘密的手段。

虽然塔罗牌与巫术有关，但它们也被学者和神职人员用来探索精神真理。

文艺复兴和启蒙运动

文艺复兴时期，塔罗牌继续用于占卜，但它们也成为艺术和文学的主题。

塔罗牌被用在肖像画、版画和手稿中，描绘了神话人物和占星符号。

启蒙运动见证了塔罗牌从占卜向更世俗用途的转变。它们被用来教导道德、社会观点和科学原理。

19 世纪和 20 世纪

19 世纪见证了对塔罗牌的兴趣激增，部分归功于秘密社团和占星术的复兴。

神秘主义者和精神主义者采用塔罗牌作为个人和精神发展的工具。

20 世纪，卡尔·荣格和其他心理学家将塔罗牌作为潜意识探索的工具。

现代用途

今天，塔罗牌仍然广泛用于占卜、灵性和个人发展。

它们被用来探索自我、理解人际关系并做出决策。

塔罗牌也被用于艺术、文学和教育中。

2、塔罗牌历史起源与发展

塔罗牌的历史起源

塔罗牌的起源仍存在争议，但有几个主要理论：

埃及起源：一些人认为塔罗牌起源于古埃及，但没有确凿的证据支持这一理论。

伊斯兰起源：另一些人认为塔罗牌源自13世纪的伊斯兰世界，当时马穆鲁克王朝开发了名为“Mamluk”的纸牌游戏。

欧洲起源：最普遍接受的理论是塔罗牌起源于14世纪的意大利，可能受到阿拉伯纸牌游戏的影响。

塔罗牌的发展

塔罗牌最初是一副纸牌游戏，称为“Trionfi”（胜利），有56张牌，分为四种花色和22张王牌。

15世纪：塔罗牌发展出象征性和神秘的内涵，人们开始使用它们进行占卜。

18世纪：法国人让巴蒂斯特·艾蒂耶拉（JeanBaptiste Alliette）出版了塔罗牌的占卜指南，《埃特伊拉神谕》（Etteilla Oracle），这使得塔罗牌在占卜中的使用变得流行。

19世纪：英国的神秘学家阿瑟·爱德华·韦特（Arthur Edward Waite）设计了一副新的塔罗牌，称为“韦特史密斯塔罗牌”，该牌对现代塔罗牌产生了重大影响。

20世纪：塔罗牌变得越来越流行，被用作个人成长、自省和占卜的工具。

塔罗牌的结构

一副传统塔罗牌由78张牌组成，分为两部分：

大阿卡那：22张牌，代表主要生活事件、人物和概念。

小阿卡那：56张牌，分为四种花色（权杖、圣杯、宝剑、星币），每种花色包含10张数字牌和4张宫廷牌。

塔罗牌的用途

塔罗牌可以用于多种目的，包括：

占卜：预测未来或获得有关当前情况的见解。

内省：探索自己的思想、感受和动机。

个人成长：识别机会和挑战，促进个人发展。

冥想和灵性：作为连接更高力量或探索灵性道路的工具。

纸牌游戏：塔罗牌仍被用作塔罗奇等纸牌游戏。

3、塔罗牌历史起源英文板

History of Tarot Cards

The origins of tarot cards are shrouded in mystery and speculation. While there is no definitive answer as to when and where they first appeared, there are several widely accepted theories.

The Mamluk Theory

One of the most popular theories is that tarot cards originated in Mamluk Egypt in the 14th or 15th century. The Mamluks were a ruling class of Turkish origin who patronized arts and culture. Some historians believe that the Mamluks commissioned the creation of tarot cards as a new form of entertainment or divination.

The Italian Theory

Another theory suggests that tarot cards originated in Italy in the 15th century. This theory is based on the fact that the earliest known complete deck of tarot cards, known as the ViscontiSforza deck, was commissioned by the Duke of Milan, Francesco Sforza, around 1450. However, there is evidence to suggest that tarot cards may have been known in Italy prior to this.

The IndoPersian Theory

A third theory argues that tarot cards evolved from earlier forms of divination used in India and Persia. These earlier forms may have included the Indian game of Ganjifa, which uses a similar deck of cards. The theory suggests that these games and divination practices were brought to Europe through trade routes, where they eventually developed into tarot cards.

Other Theories

Other theories have also been proposed, including the possibility that tarot cards were invented in France or Spain. However, these theories are less widely supported by historical evidence.

The Evolution of Tarot Cards

Initially, tarot cards were used primarily for entertainment and games. It was only later that they became associated with divination. Over time, different decks and variations of tarot cards emerged, each with its own unique symbolism and interpretation. The most widely used decks today are the RiderWaite deck, developed in the early 20th century by Arthur Edward Waite and Pamela Colman Smith.

Tarot Cards Today

Tarot cards continue to be used for a variety of purposes, including divination, selfdiscovery, and personal reflection. They have also become a popular form of collectible art. While the origins of tarot cards may always remain a mystery, the fascination with these enigmatic cards endures to this day.

4、塔罗牌历史有多久

塔罗牌的历史可以追溯到 14 世纪末的意大利。